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This Journal feature begins with a case vignette highlighting a common clinical problem. Evidence supporting various strategies is then presented, followed by a review of formal guidelines, when they exist. The article ends with the author's clinical recommendations.
A 58-year-old man is found on laboratory testing to have a serum calcium level of 6.0 mg per deciliter (1.5 mmol per liter) (normal range, 8.5 to 10.5 mg per deciliter [2.1 to 2.6 mmol per liter]), an albumin level of 3.9 g per deciliter, and a phosphorus level of 6.0 mg per deciliter (1.94 mmol per liter) (normal range, 2.5 to
The Clinical Problem
Strategies and Evidence
Differential Diagnosis
Evaluation
Treatment and Clinical Monitoring
Areas of Uncertainty
Guidelines
Conclusions and Recommendations
Source Information
From the University of California, San Francisco, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco.
An audio version of this article is available at www.nejm.org.
Address reprint requests to Dr. Shoback at the University of California, San Francisco, Endocrine Research Unit, 111N, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement St., San Francisco, CA 94121, or at dolores.shoback@ucsf.edu.
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