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Published at www.nejm.org June 4, 2008 (10.1056/NEJMe0803991)

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More than 200,000 of the 500,000 new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections that occur each year in children are the result of transmission of the virus through the mother's breast milk.¹ In resource-constrained environments, how do we continue to promote breast-feeding, an important intervention for child survival,² without exposing more infants to this risk? This fundamental question plagues mothers and caregivers, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where such choices are made every day.

In resource-constrained settings, current policies with respect to breast-feeding by mothers who are infected with HIV are guided by observational evidence that exclusive breast-feeding for the first 4 . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Source Information

From the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (G.E.G.) and the Division of Community Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (H.S.), University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

This article (10.1056/NEJMe0803991) was published at www.nejm.org on June 4, 2008. It will appear in the July 10 issue of the Journal.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Roman-Poueriet, J. A., Kley, N. C., Beck-Sague, C. M., Waweru, C., Mills, J., Coovadia, H. M., Coutsoudis, A., Rollins, N. C., Taha, T. E., Kumwenda, N., Kafulafula, G., Kuhn, L., Sinkala, M., Aldrovandi, G., Gray, G. E., Saloojee, H. (2008). Antiretroviral prophylaxis to reduce breast-milk HIV-1 transmission.. NEJM 359: 1845-1846 [Full Text]  
• (2008). Breast-Feeding, Antiretroviral Prophylaxis, and HIV Transmission. JWatch Women's Health 2008: 4-4 [Full Text]